Global Canadian Consulting offers a wide range of services. The company was founded around wellsite supervision, which includes, liaisons with client, daily reporting, data collection and analysis (core and cuttings petrographic studies), gas detection, wireline logging supervision.

KEY EXPERIENCE AREAS

• Horizontal wells.
• Extended reach wells and ultra short radius wells.
• Geosteering and biosteering.
• Underbalanced and overbalanced drilling.
• Coiled tube drilling and conventional rotary drilling.
• Well planning, pilot studies and post drilling appraisals.
• Slim-hole drilling.
• Log correlation and interpretation.
• Structurally complex geological settings.
• Age dating (Recent to Jurassic) using microfossils.
• Judging landing points, casing points and coring points.
• Sample collection and preparation methods.
• Reporting and presentation.

WELLSITE GEOLOGY AND GEOSTEERING

• Over eight years experience in the oil industry and over six years Western Canadian wellsite geological, carbonate biosteering and geosteering experience on conventional rotary and coiled tube drilling rigs.
• Alongside routine wellsite geological tasks, highly skilled at geosteering horizontal wells. Additionally, have undertaken pilot, post-drilling field appraisal and single/multi-well research, proprietary and multi-client projects.
• Geosteered  horizontal wells in Western Canada, laterals and horizontal wells in the WCSB and these wells have involved picking casing points, landing wells at the correct stratigraphic level, picking coring points, actively steering the horizontal section, solving complex geological problems and communicating these data to the client.
• Our opinions, high standards and adaptability are highly respected and appreciated on wellsite locations.

WELLSITE GEOLOGY
PLANNING AND RESEARCHING

• Well planning – comparing offset well data, predicting landing points and bedding inclination, standardising log picks and making correlations, identifying potential structural problems, drawing attention to potential collision or interference problems and identifying porosity trends/shifts.
• Carrying out pilot studies to assess the viability of carbonate biosteering and geosteering. This includes erection of zonation schemes utilising microfacies, microfossils and log data, assessment of lateral variability and porosity migration, standardisation of field data and re-evaluation of the structural model.
• Reviewing data for post-drilling appraisals to re-evaluate the field structure and the success of laterals in terms of target and fracture penetration. Identification of potential horizons/areas for future drilling.

REAL-TIME DRILLING

• Real-time analysis and description of cuttings samples. This can include, if desired, microfossils and microfacies/lithology in thin section and/or dried residue.

• Supervising sample collection and monitoring sample quality.
• Adjusting well plans during or immediately prior to drilling, due to new offset data or drilling problems.

• Close monitoring and quality control of MWD/LWD data.
• Continual correlation of LWD data, including picking formation and unit tops.
• Consulting the engineer on PWD data.
• Plotting MWD data in real time using 3D software. Additionally, plotting data by hand following established techniques.
• Producing/adapting zonation schemes and tying them in with log data.
• Continually assessing and predicting apparent bedding inclination changes due to azimuth changes in the well path and due to true bedding inclination changes.
• Identifying faults and assessing how to regain the target, or identifying an alternative target.

• Identifying stratigraphic discontinuities on both a large and small scale.

• Continual re-evaluation of the static or seismic model in light of new data.
• Age interpretation of strata.
• Determining/predicting landing points.
• Making casing picks and coring picks.
• Interpretation of exploration wells to confirm structures identified on seismic data.

COMMUNICATION

• Liasing closely with directional drillers, drilling engineers and company representatives.
• Communicating data in pre-spud meetings, morning meetings and at key points during drilling.
• Timely production of high quality daily reports during drilling, final wellsite reports and geological contributions to the well specific program.
• Assessment of learning points to build on success.
• Training for wellsite workers and geoscientists.
• Powerpoint and poster presentations to communicate ideas and learning points.
• Actively making an input into Health, Safety, Security and Environment.

ABREVIATIONS USED:
MWD = measure whilst drilling
LWD = log whilst drilling
PWD = pressure whilst drilling.

GEOSTEERING
WHAT IS GEOSTEERING?

The wellpath is adjusted, based on all available log and deviation data, to stay within the target horizon. In this case the wellpath (black and white) goes too low, which is identified by a trend in log data. The bit inclination is raised, but shortly after re-entering the target the well hits a down-thrown reverse fault, placing the wellpath above the target. This is recognised on log data, drilling parameters and lithology. The wellpath is steered back down into the target horizon.

KEY POINTS:

• Steering horizontal wells based on LWD data, MWD data, PWD data, sample/litho logical data and all other data to hand.
• The primary aims of geosteering are to avoid danger areas, such as overlying or underlying shales, and to maximise porosity exposure.
• The methodology of job can be tailored to the field or formation
WHY USE GEOSTEERING?

• Real-time adjustments to the well trajectory are essential for successful drilling. Seismic and static models provide a broad overview, but detailed review is essential to stay within target porosity.
• The geosteerer is also the acting wellsite geologist, reducing the requirement for extra specialist personnel. Geosteerers take up very little office space.
• Log data allows precise along-hole positioning of events, such as faulting and unit penetration, allowing for detailed and accurate predictions of surfaces to be made. 
• Detailed review and understanding of log data allows recognition of minor faulting and discontinuities, sometimes on a sub-biozonal scale.
• Geosteering is not significantly limited by poor or absent samples.
• A good geosteerer can save money and make money! Geosteering mitigates against the risk of losing BHA's. It also ensures maximum possible exposure time in target porosity. This hopefully boosts production and saves drilling time, by drilling in fast ROP and reducing the number of sidetracks.

HOW TO GO ABOUT GEOSTEERING

• To maximise the effectiveness of geosteering, field data should be made readily available. Ideally all log data, survey data and pre-existing structural interpretations should be made available. A pre-drilling data review should be carried out to standardise log picks, assess lateral variation of log response, thickness variation, likely faulting trends and collision risks. At a minimum, adjacent offset well data should be made available for correlation and mapping (if not already carried out). This task might take from hours to weeks, dependent on the pre-existing data quality.
• In time for the pre-spud meeting, all offset data should be studied to identify potential problems before they arise.
• Geosteering generally requires 24 hour coverage and thus a two man crew is usual. This allows immediate recognition and correction of problems. Certain jobs, particularly with a lower ROP, can be drilled with one geosteerer. 
• Geosteerers require only the very minimum of space.
• The geosteerer actively liases with the company representatives, engineers, directional drillers and wellsite geologist in order to make the correct steering decisions (which are not always purely geologically based).
• Success and newly acquired data are constantly reviewed and recorded. This builds on collective experience and ensures learning is carried forward to enhance future wells.

ABREVIATIONS USED:
MWD= measure whilst drilling
LWD = log whilst drilling
PWD = pressure whilst drilling
BHA = bottom hole assembly
ROP = rate of penetration.

BIOSTEERING
What is Biosteering?

 

The wellpath is adjusted, based on microfossils, to stay within the middle target horizon. In this case the wellpath (black and white) goes too low and is picked up on fossils. The bit inclination is raised, but shortly after re-entering the target the well hits a down-thrown reverse fault, placing the wellpath above the target. This is recognised on fossil data and the wellpath is steered back down into the target horizon. KEY POINTS: Steering horizontal wells primarily based on the microscopic fossils in the rock. Other data, such as LWD data, are routinely combined with the palaeontological data before steering decisions are made. The primary aims are to avoid danger areas, such as overlying or underlying shales, and to maximise porosity exposure. Fossils allow determination of stratigraphic position  (above or below target porosity).  Biozonation schemes are based on species occurrence/absence, abundances and ratios between different species. Usually incorporates other geological information such as microfacies and lithology. Usually allows units and formations do be subdivided to a much higher resolution than would be possible based on log or lithology data alone. Should be used in conjunction with all available MWD and LWD data to maximise it's effectiveness (think of it as an extra down-hole logging tool, not in isolation). WHY USE BIOSTEERING? It is relatively inexpensive compared with having a larger suite of logging tools in the hole to determine the stratigraphic position. Can provide answers prior to the area being crossed by the LWD tool (which may be 50ft behind the bit). In slim-hole wells, LWD tools may be limited to gamma only (with a pseudo idea of density/porosity derived from ROP data). Microfossils can be considered as an extra tool from which to interpret stratigraphic position relative to the target. An effective tool to identify faulting, magnitude of faulting and to re-evaluate target position. Sometimes the only solution if log responses appear identical when exiting the target from both the top and the base. Only a tiny sample is required. Often less than a thimble-full of sample, a few grams, is sufficient. Some areas may require marginally more, say 20 grams. This would be determined in the pilot study.  Save $$$$$$$$$$, Make $$$$$$$$$$! Helps mitigate against the risk of losing BHA's. Ensures maximum possible exposure time in target porosity. This hopefully boosts production and saves drilling time, by drilling in fast ROP and reducing the number of sidetracks. HOW TO GO ABOUT BIOSTEERING First carry out a pilot study (ideally at least 3 months in advance of drilling) to assess viability. This will use previously drilled vertical and horizontal wells, cuttings and core samples (if available). The target interval, together with the units above and below the target will be studied. Without a pilot study the success of initial wells will be limited. The pilot study will determine which microfossil discipline (or combination of) is most appropriate for the area. Disciplines commonly used in industry include palynology, nannopalaeontolgy and micropalaeontolgy  (thin section and washed residue). Not all areas are suitable for biosteering. Problems occur when no fossils are found, no clear and consistent changes are observed or cyclic units are encountered. On completion of the pilot study, a biozonation scheme is produced that will constantly be enhanced as further wells are drilled. Biosteering generally requires 24 hour coverage and thus a two man crew is usual. Without constant monitoring the lateral may go astray when the biosteerer is sleeping. Furthermore, in some areas, interpreting the stratigraphic position can prove problematic without monitoring of the entire succession. Biosteerers require only the minimum of space. A sink to wash samples and a desk (1 metre) for a computer and microscope. In some cases, such as thin section preparation, marginally more preparation space (+1 metre) is required. Dependent on the job, biosteerers can work with a wellsite geologist or remove the necessity for a wellsite geologist (with the biosteerer also carrying out the wellsite geologists tasks), thus saving space and money. The biosteerer actively liases with the company representatives, engineers, directional drillers and wellsite geologist in order to make the correct steering decisions (which are not always purely geologically based). Success and newly acquired data are constantly reviewed and recorded. This builds on collective experience and ensures learning is carried forward to enhance future wells. Abbreviations Used: MWD = measure whilst drilling LWD = log whilst drilling BHA = bottom hole assembly ROP = rate of penetration. 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